Here you will find information on Neil Tyson you won't find on his Wikipedia page.
Carl Sagan's critics were wary of pop science. Would the need to entertain come before rigor and accuracy? And those fears have been realized with Neil Degrasse Tyson. So much of his pop science is wrong. The man is a source of misinformation.
18. GMOs
20. Deflate Gate
Most of Tyson's misinformation is merely annoying. For example, who cares if he tells his listeners there are more transcendental numbers than irrationals? It's not as if the vast majority of his fans will ever actually study Cantor's ideas on infinite sets. But the examples of his bad math and science serve to demonstrate Tyson's comfortable talking with confidence on subjects he knows little about.
Much worse is when Tyson uses his poor memory and sloppy scholarship to invent history. And then uses his false history to push a narrative. Falsifying history is a serious offense. In the above list I have bolded examples of Tyson's bad history.
Tyson on "idiot doctors"
The first half of the video Tyson argues surviving cancer doesn't demonstrate divine intervention. I'm fine with that.
But the second half of the video is a clueless rant against idiot doctors, the American Medical Association and Pre-Med students.
A doctor doesn't just tell a patient "You've got six months." Rather a patient is given statistics on people in a similar condition. So a patient lives longer than the norm. Does this make the doctor an idiot? No. It demonstrates there are statistical outliers on a bell curve. It is..... astonishing. Astonishing that Tyson and the physics 101 prof are unfamiliar with entry level statistics.
Also Tyson as well as the physics prof seem to believe someone who's failed freshman physics would go on to med school. There are idiot physicists, I assure you!
Well known skeptic Dr. Novella called Tyson out on this (scroll to Those Darn Physicists). Novella noted this was part of the keynote speech at TAM6, a 2008 conference for skeptics. Dr. Novella thought it was an excellent lecture except for the idiot doctor part. Which goes to show even self proclaimed skeptics are happy to swallow falsehoods if they seem to support their personal prejudices. Also from Tyson's TAM6 speech was his Bush and Star Names story.
President Bush and Star Names
Tyson tells us President Bush attempted to "distinguish we from they" in the wake of the 9-11 attack. This routine was also included in the TAM6 keynote address.
Stands to reason right? We all know a Republican would seize this emotionally charged moment to stir up hatred against Arabs.
However Bush's actual 9-11 speech called Islam the religion of peace. Bush was calling for inclusion and tolerance. Exactly the opposite of the xenophobic demagogue Tyson falsely portrays.
In fact Bush and his administration have repeatedly condemned anti-Muslim rhetoric. Colin Powell was one of the first to bring Corporal Kareem Kahn's sacrifice to public attention:
Bush has made many comments urging tolerance and inclusion for Muslims. See this page from the Whitehouse Archives.
Tyson's shallow stereotype may apply to some Republicans, but not all.
Jonathan Adler wrote a number of columns on this for The Washington Post:
Does Neil deGrasse Tyson make up stories?
Neil deGrasse Tyson admits he botched Bush quote
What makes an accusation Wiki-worthy? This column was interesting. Do information sources try to suppress information damaging to people they sympathize with? The winning clique of Wikipedia editors sure did. The successful effort to censor this information are well documented on the talk pages starting with Archive 2.
Tyson eventually admitted his story was false and apologized to President Bush. However Tyson qualifies his apology with these words:
The Bush quote confabulation segues into a non existent Hamid Al-Ghazali quote. Hamid Al Ghazali was a muslim cleric that supposedly ended the Islamic Golden Age. According to Tyson, Ghazali wrote that math was the work of the devil. Tyson would make that claim in other talks besides the TAM6 keynote speech. Tyson claims Islamic progress stopped and hasn't recovered since.
Ghazali would praise the disciplines of science and mathematics saying they are necessary for a prosperous society. So I very much doubt that Ghazali ever demonized math. When challenged Tyson replied:
Did Islamic innovation end with Ghazali? No. There were many Islamic scientists and mathematicians who came later. Abu al-Hasan was born three centuries after Ghazali died. Hasan was the father of symbolic algebra.
The Golden Age of Islam ended more in the 1400s when sea routes rendered land trading routes obsolete. At that time the mideast ceased to be a trading hub where diverse cultures would meet and exchange ideas.
Tyson claims the once innovative civilization would surely have rebounded if not for Ghazali. He notes that the 1.3 billion Muslims alive today don't earn that many Nobel science prizes. Well, neither do the 1.3 billion people living in China. Nor the 1.3 billion people living in India. And these civilizations enjoyed periods of innovation. In fact our zero and numbering system comes from India, not the Arabs as Tyson falsely claims. Is Neil going to blame the Chinese lack of Nobel science prizes on Ghazali?
Professor Joseph Lumbard made an excellent video on this topic.
Physicist Basil Altaie also made a video calling out Tyson's wrong history.
Islamic Scholar Mohammed Hijab also calls out Tyson's sloppy scholarship and falsehoods on Islamic history.
People have been calling out Tyson's bad history on Islam since at least 2010.
Well, no.
Two thousand years before Newton Eudoxus was slicing stuff into small bits to get more accurate approximations of volume and area.
These methods were well known when Descartes and Fermat invented analytic geometry (also known as graph paper with an x and y axis). With this invention y=x2 became a parabola. x2 + y2 = 1 became a circle with radius one. Descartes’ way of looking at things enabled us to scrutinize conic sections and other curves with symbolic algebra.
After Descartes and Fermat invented analytic geometry, it was only a matter of time before someone used Eudoxus like methods to get good approximations of the slope of a curve or the area under a curve. Which was done by Fermat and Cavalieri among others.
And here is Cavalieri's Quadrature Formula:
So was Newton The Father of Calculus? This kid had a lot of daddies. A more sensible question would be what was Newton's contribution to this group effort.
Thony Christie paints a more accurate picture -- The development of calculus was the collaborative effort of many. And it didn't take two months. Christie elaborates on this in his essay The Wrong Question.
Thony also looks at these claims when he disembowels the Big Think Video My Man, Sir Isaac Newton.
After thinking he had established Newton’s super powers Tyson flatly asserts Newton could have knocked out perturbation theory in an afternoon. “You know this!” Tyson shouts to his enthusiastic audience. Well, no. I don’t. And neither does Tyson or his credulous audience.
In fact Newton had tried to build n-body perturbation models. He looked at the sun, earth and moon and attempted to build a model that would accurately predict the moon's moon's motion. Astrophysicist Luke Barnes quotes from William Harper's book on Isaac Newton:
So Tyson's assertion is demonstrably false from the get go. Newton had invested considerable effort in this problem. See also physicist Michael Nauenberg's piece on Newton's efforts to model 3 body systems.
Besides Newton, Euler took a crack at perturbation theory and n-body mechanics. As did Lagrange. Both these men were giants in their own right but did not make satisfactory models. 100 years after Newton, Laplace built on the work of Euler, Lagrange and Newton. To say Newton could have done it in an afternoon is disrespecting Laplace, Euler and Lagrange. It is also profoundly ignorant.
In Tyson’s alternate history Newton would have easily done Laplace’s n-body work had he not been stopped by his belief in the “God of The Gaps”. Tyson states this as a flat out fact. But an alternate history is not a testable hypothesis. We can’t rewind history and see what happens with different parameters.
Here’s another alternate history: An agnostic Newton would have been a normal young man who spent his spare time in taverns chasing women. No splitting of light, no laws of motion, and no contributions to calculus. His accomplishments would have been zip, zero, nada. Like Tyson’s alternate history this is nothing more than idle speculation.
In an interview with Joe Rogan, Tyson asserts there are more transcendental numbers than irrationals. He also tells Joe there are five cardinalities when it comes to infinite sets.
Was this a fluke? Maybe Neil just mispoke. But Tyson gives a similarly confused account in an interview with Dazed and Confused Magazine:
Is the earth flat or round? This silly argument between Tyson and rapper B.o.B. generated a great deal of publicity for B.o.B., Tyson, and Tyson's nephew.
Part of the exchange: "@bobati Duude — to be clear: Being five centuries regressed in your reasoning doesn't mean we all can't still like your music."
Supposedly folks during the dark ages thought the earth was flat. Sadly Tyson is perpetuating this myth.
Tyson's misperception of the dark ages is a common error. Well summarized in "The Chart":
In the August 1991 issue of History Today Jeffrey Russel effectively argues people knew the earth was round during and before the time of Columbus. In his comment reply (below Russel's article) Tyson perpetuates the myth that knowledge of a spherical earth was lost in the "Dark Ages". Historian Tim O'Neill explains where this myth comes from. O'Neill also documents prominent scholars from that period that knew the earth was spherical.
The above links as well as more interesting reading can be found in this reddit badhistory thread on Tyson's battle with B.o.B.
This common misconception is addressed in Christie Wilcox's Discover article Actually, Bats See Just Fine, Neil.
Above is a link to Neil deGrasse Tyson's trailer for The Martian. At 1:15 of the vid, Tyson has the space ship Hermes departing from Low Earth Orbit (LEO). 124 days later he has Hermes arriving at Mars orbit (2:17 of the video).
Hermes is propelled with low thrust ion engines. In the book when Hermes is about to rendezvous with Watney's Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV), Lewis says Hermes can do up to 2 mm/s2. This acceleration is also given online:
Two millimeters per second squared would require an extremely good alpha. But it's possible future power sources will deliver more watts per kilogram. So 2 mm/s2 is only medium implausible. I'll let this slide.
Problem is, low thrust ion engines really suck at climbing in and out of planetary gravity wells. From low earth orbit, it would take Hermes about 40 days to spiral out of earth's gravity well and about 20 days to spiral from the edge of Mars' gravity well to low Mars orbit. Two months spent climbing in and out of gravity wells destroys Andy Weirs' 124 day trajectory.
Given 2 mm/s2, the trajectory Tyson describes is flat out impossible.
A slow ride through the Van Allen belts.
At 1:50 of Tyson's video he talks about the danger of solar flares and how astronauts are vulnerable to radiation. Well, departing from LEO means a month long spiral through the Van Allen Belts. Not only does the long spiral wreck Weir's 124 day trajectory, it also cooks the astronauts.
Tyson enjoys some notoriety for fact checking fantasies like Star Wars or The Good Dinosaur. This leaves me scratching my head. Many of the shows he fact checks make no pretense at being scientifically accurate. However The Martian was an effort at scientifically plausible hard science fiction and thus is fair game. Same goes for Tyson's trailer.
A physically impossible trajectory along with cooking the astronauts? Tyson's effort at hard science fiction isn't any better than Gravity or Interstellar.
Neil's Five Points of Lagrange Essay
The Five Points of Lagrange was a Neil deGrasse Tyson article published in the April, 2002 issue of Natural History Magazine. A few excerpts:
Popular usage has made "exponential" a general term for dramatic change. But a physicist should know the more specific mathematical meaning of the this word. Gravity falls with inverse square of distance, not exponentially.
Wrong. Clarke's contribution was suggesting communication satellites be placed in geosynchronous orbit (GSO). A fantastic idea with tremendous impact. But Clarke wasn't the first to calculate the altitude of GSOs.
Herman Potočnik calculated the altitude of GSO in 1928. It's possible this altitude was calculated even earlier. Newton might have done it.
The solution is so simple, just make unhackable systems. Oh my gosh, why didn't the cyber security folks ever think of that?
Twitchy published some good responses.
The Coriolis Force was a Tyson article published in the March 1995 issue of Natural History. In the article Neil has this to say about the 1914 Falklands battle:
He repeats this fairly often. More recently for the Houston stadium. He seems unaware different latitudes feel different Coriolis accelerations.
Coriolis force felt by a football would depend on the velocity and direction of the football as well as the latitude of stadium.
Coriolis acceleration = -2 Ω X v
Metlife is about at latitude 40.8 degrees. Metlife tilts about 11º from the north. I will go with the horizontal speed of the ball of 23 meters/second.
We can choose our coordinates so the x axis runs west to east, the y axis runs south to north and the z axis is the local vertical going up...
Ω = (0, 5.52e-5, 4.76e-5) 1/sec
v = (4.39, 22.58, 0) meters/sec
a = -2 Ω X v = (.0021, -0004, .0005) meters/sec2,
Deflection from uniform acceleration is 1/2 a t2,
where t is time of flight. For a ball with a 23 meter/sec horizontal speed, it takes a little less than 2 seconds to traverse 50 yards.
1/2 a t2 = (.0043, =.0008, .00096) meters = (.167, -.032, .037) inches.
Of that displacement, the component displacement to the right is .17 inches. Tyson's half inch is off by a factor of three.
Field goal kickers don't have the level of precision where 1/6 of an inch vs 1/2 an inch makes much difference. However I wouldn't want Dr. Tyson to be calculating Coriolis in situations where it's important, like naval battles.
19:56 into an interview with Dan Le Batard, Tyson tells Batard:
Tyson is wrong on several counts.
2001 A Space Odyssey's Space Station V has a radius of about 150 meters and a spin rate of about 1 revolution each 61seconds. That gives an angular velocity ω of 2 π radians per 61 seconds.
Spin grav = ω2 r
Spin grav = (2π/(61 seconds))2 *150 meters
Spin grav = .106 * 150 meters/second2
Spin grav = 1.59 meters/second2
The spin gravity comes out to about one sixth of earth's gravity. A 150 pound man would weigh about 25 pounds on this station. This is close to the gravity on the moon's surface. Which is what Clarke and Kubrick had intended since the station was a stop on the way to the moon.
Also weight scales with the square of spin rate. So tripling spin rate would increase weight by a factor of nine.
Helicopter blades will continue rotating after engine failure. Descending through the air at an angle can spin up the blades. Leveling off just before reaching the ground makes for a soft landing.
The process is described and demonstrated at this Getting Smarter Every Day Video.
And also from this YouTube video: Link.
Evidently Neil hasn't heard of Copernicus' Commentariolus. Copernicus wrote this in 1514, almost thirty years before De revolutionibus orbium coelestium which was published in 1543 when Copernicus was on his deathbed.
In 1533 Johann Albrecht Widmannstetter delivered a series of lectures in Rome on Copernicus ideas. Widmannstetter was secretary to Pope Clement VII, Pope Paul III and Cardinal Nikolaus von Schönberg. His lectures were heard by Pope Clement VII and the cardinals.
Cardinal Nikolaus von Schönberg was impressed with Widmannstetter's lectures and wrote a letter to Copernicus in 1536 urging him to publish.
Copernicus finally published De revolutionibus with the help of his friend Bishop Tiedemann Giese.
De revolutionibus was placed on the Catholic Church's Index of Forbidden Books in 1616. But this was more than 70 years after publication. The book was not formally banned but merely withdrawn from circulation.
So it is not true that Copernicus kept these ideas secret from the Catholic Church. Widmanstetter had shared his ideas with a pope and a number of bishops and cardinals. It was a cardinal who urged him to publish and a bishop who helped him publish.
Emily Willingham called him out with her Forbes article What Neil deGrasse Tyson doesn't know about sex fills many books. She gives a number of counter examples. Tyson defended himself saying in all her examples it is just a single partner that experiences pain. And that reproduction might occur if one partner finds it pleasurable while the other finds it painful.
Biologist P Z Myers weighed in with Some days, it's very hard to defend Neil deGrasse Tyson. He opined that Tyson's reply was making the goal posts dance. And that in biological systems it often isn't pleasure and pain that drives behavior.
And Myers went on to note that Willingham did provide a counter example where both partners experience pain to reproduce: salmon. He writes:
In this Lagrange point explainer Neil tells us that the James Webb Space Telescope is parked at the Sun-Earth L2 where earth blocks the Sun. This is to keep the Sun's rays off of the sensitive infra-red telescope.
In this Joe Rogan interview Neil tells us that that Earth scaled down to the size of a cue ball would be smoother than any cue ball ever machined.
Tyson claims he has done the calculations and tells us that the curvature of the earth is not visible from the altitude of Richard Branson's suborbital fight with Virgin Galactic.
Tyson tells Joe Rogan that NASA invented cordless power tools because there are no power outlets in outer space.
Neil would be somewhat correct if modern hydrogen bombs were pure fusion bombs. But they are not.
Karen Heller did an interview with Tyson for The Washington Post. In that interview Neil expressed his anger at Rebecca Mead, a writer for the New Yorker.
David Gamble was one of Tyson's former business partners. He claimed Tyson misled him when his partners bought out their share of StarTalk. From an article in The New York Post:
Neil deGrasse Tyson's Space Odyssey was a crowd funded video game. 7207 backers invested $356,866. The goal was $314,159, the first 6 digits of pi. Estimated delivery of the game was July 2018. The game has still not been delivered. Here is the Kickstarter page.
Jonathan Adler wrote a number of columns on this for The Washington Post:
Does Neil deGrasse Tyson make up stories?
Neil deGrasse Tyson admits he botched Bush quote
What makes an accusation Wiki-worthy? This column was interesting. Do information sources try to suppress information damaging to people they sympathize with? The winning clique of Wikipedia editors sure did. The successful effort to censor this information are well documented on the talk pages starting with Archive 2.
Tyson eventually admitted his story was false and apologized to President Bush. However Tyson qualifies his apology with these words:
"Of course very little changes in that particular talk. I will still mention Islamic Extremists flying planes into buildings in the 21st century. I will still contrast it with the Golden Age of Islam a millennium earlier..."Well, the rest of that particular talk is just as wrong Tyson's Bush and Star Names fantasy.
Ghazali "Math is the work of the devil"
The Bush quote confabulation segues into a non existent Hamid Al-Ghazali quote. Hamid Al Ghazali was a muslim cleric that supposedly ended the Islamic Golden Age. According to Tyson, Ghazali wrote that math was the work of the devil. Tyson would make that claim in other talks besides the TAM6 keynote speech. Tyson claims Islamic progress stopped and hasn't recovered since.
Ghazali would praise the disciplines of science and mathematics saying they are necessary for a prosperous society. So I very much doubt that Ghazali ever demonized math. When challenged Tyson replied:
"As for Al Ghazali, a more accurate representation of his views is that the manipulation of numbers was an earthly rather than a divine pursuit. And it was divine thoughts and conduct that were widely promoted -- to the exclusion of earthly conduct. Earthly conduct became associated with being anti-God, which I characterized as the devil. In later speeches (over the past year or so) I leave it as a simple split between earthly and divine pursuits, realizing that I was misleading some people by mentioning the devil at all."This quote is from Tyson's comment below. In other words he admits there was no Ghazali text containing the assertion that math is the work of the devil.
Did Islamic innovation end with Ghazali? No. There were many Islamic scientists and mathematicians who came later. Abu al-Hasan was born three centuries after Ghazali died. Hasan was the father of symbolic algebra.
The Golden Age of Islam ended more in the 1400s when sea routes rendered land trading routes obsolete. At that time the mideast ceased to be a trading hub where diverse cultures would meet and exchange ideas.
Tyson claims the once innovative civilization would surely have rebounded if not for Ghazali. He notes that the 1.3 billion Muslims alive today don't earn that many Nobel science prizes. Well, neither do the 1.3 billion people living in China. Nor the 1.3 billion people living in India. And these civilizations enjoyed periods of innovation. In fact our zero and numbering system comes from India, not the Arabs as Tyson falsely claims. Is Neil going to blame the Chinese lack of Nobel science prizes on Ghazali?
Professor Joseph Lumbard made an excellent video on this topic.
Physicist Basil Altaie also made a video calling out Tyson's wrong history.
Islamic Scholar Mohammed Hijab also calls out Tyson's sloppy scholarship and falsehoods on Islamic history.
People have been calling out Tyson's bad history on Islam since at least 2010.
Tim O'Neill thoroughly examined Tyson's history on Ghazali.
Tyson's false history on Newton comes in two parts. The first part is actually flattering to Newton, Tyson claims Newton accomplished decades of collaborative efforts in just two months on a lark.
Newton Just Stops When
He Cedes His Brilliance To God
Tyson's false history on Newton comes in two parts. The first part is actually flattering to Newton, Tyson claims Newton accomplished decades of collaborative efforts in just two months on a lark.
But then Tyson uses his exaggeration of Newton's accomplishments to slam the great man. Tyson claims that Newton could have easily done Laplace's Traite de Mecanique Celeste in an afternoon. But supposedly Newton just stopped when he ceded his brilliance to God.
The last part makes me angry. Newton did not just stop. And claiming Newton's faith hindered him? It was Newton's faith that sustained his passion for inquiry.
In the following I look at each of these claims.
About an hour into his TAM6 lecture, Tyson portrays Newton as a super human saying Newton invented calculus on a dare. Tyson frequently makes this claim and often says it took Newton two months to establish this branch of mathematics.
Well, no.
Two thousand years before Newton Eudoxus was slicing stuff into small bits to get more accurate approximations of volume and area.
These methods were well known when Descartes and Fermat invented analytic geometry (also known as graph paper with an x and y axis). With this invention y=x2 became a parabola. x2 + y2 = 1 became a circle with radius one. Descartes’ way of looking at things enabled us to scrutinize conic sections and other curves with symbolic algebra.
After Descartes and Fermat invented analytic geometry, it was only a matter of time before someone used Eudoxus like methods to get good approximations of the slope of a curve or the area under a curve. Which was done by Fermat and Cavalieri among others.
A screen capture from History of the Differential from 17th Century:
It was Fermat who devised ways to find the slope of the tangent.
Cavalieri's Quadrature Formula.
.So was Newton The Father of Calculus? This kid had a lot of daddies. A more sensible question would be what was Newton's contribution to this group effort.
Thony Christie paints a more accurate picture -- The development of calculus was the collaborative effort of many. And it didn't take two months. Christie elaborates on this in his essay The Wrong Question.
"Certainly Neil acknowledges that Newton built his models on the work of others," one his defenders told me, "Newton himself said he could see far because he was standing on the shoulders of giants." Nope. Tyson tells us Newton did it all by himself. And goes on to say "If he could see farther than others it's because he's standing among midgets."
Thony also looks at these claims when he disembowels the Big Think Video My Man, Sir Isaac Newton.
My Man, Sir Isaac Newton inspired a popular meme.
All this supposedly happened in just two months before Newton turned 26. The "dare" was a friend's question on planetary orbits. Halley asked his famous question on planetary orbits in 1684 when Newton was in his 40s Link.
Newton started thinking about gravity and planetary orbits in 1665 and made his break through in the years 1676-77 Link. He was in his mid 30s when he deduced that inverse square gravity implied Kepler's laws. And it took Newton 12 years.
In fact Newton had tried to build n-body perturbation models. He looked at the sun, earth and moon and attempted to build a model that would accurately predict the moon's moon's motion. Astrophysicist Luke Barnes quotes from William Harper's book on Isaac Newton:
… Newton developed this method in an effort to deal with the extreme complexity of solar system motions. … The passage continues with the following characterization of the extraordinary complexity of these resulting motions.
“By reason of the deviation of the Sun from the center of gravity, the centripetal force does not always tend to that immobile center, and hence the planets neither move exactly in ellipses nor revolve twice in the same orbit. There are as many orbits of a planet as it has revolutions, as in the motion of the Moon, and the orbit of any one planet depends on the combined motion of all the planets, not to mention the action of all these on each other. But to consider simultaneously all these causes of motion and to define these motions by exact laws admitting of easy calculation exceeds, if I am not mistaken, the force of any human mind.” (Wilson 1989b, 253)
It appears that shortly after articulating this daunting complexity problem, Newton was hard at work developing resources for responding to it with successive approximations. The development and applications of perturbation theory, from Newton through Laplace at the turn of the nineteenth century and on through much of the work of Simon Newcomb at the turn of the twentieth, led to successive, increasingly accurate corrections of Keplerian planetary orbital motions. [emphasis added]
So Tyson's assertion is demonstrably false from the get go. Newton had invested considerable effort in this problem. See also physicist Michael Nauenberg's piece on Newton's efforts to model 3 body systems.
Besides Newton, Euler took a crack at perturbation theory and n-body mechanics. As did Lagrange. Both these men were giants in their own right but did not make satisfactory models. 100 years after Newton, Laplace built on the work of Euler, Lagrange and Newton. To say Newton could have done it in an afternoon is disrespecting Laplace, Euler and Lagrange. It is also profoundly ignorant.
In Tyson’s alternate history Newton would have easily done Laplace’s n-body work had he not been stopped by his belief in the “God of The Gaps”. Tyson states this as a flat out fact. But an alternate history is not a testable hypothesis. We can’t rewind history and see what happens with different parameters.
Here’s another alternate history: An agnostic Newton would have been a normal young man who spent his spare time in taverns chasing women. No splitting of light, no laws of motion, and no contributions to calculus. His accomplishments would have been zip, zero, nada. Like Tyson’s alternate history this is nothing more than idle speculation.
More Transcendentals than Irrationals
In an interview with Joe Rogan, Tyson asserts there are more transcendental numbers than irrationals. He also tells Joe there are five cardinalities when it comes to infinite sets.
Was this a fluke? Maybe Neil just mispoke. But Tyson gives a similarly confused account in an interview with Dazed and Confused Magazine:
You know how numbers, you can count them forever? Well how about fractions? The infinity of fractions is bigger than the infinity of numbers; and then there are transcendental numbers, like Pi. There are more transcendental numbers than pure irrational numbers, and there are more irrational numbers than counting numbers. And more fractions than all of them.
It's appropriate the above rambling passage comes from Dazed and Confused Magazine. Tyson's assertions earned him a mention in the badmathematics subreddit. The Rational Skepticism blog also chastised Tyson for this misinformation.
Five Centuries Regressed
Is the earth flat or round? This silly argument between Tyson and rapper B.o.B. generated a great deal of publicity for B.o.B., Tyson, and Tyson's nephew.
Part of the exchange: "@bobati Duude — to be clear: Being five centuries regressed in your reasoning doesn't mean we all can't still like your music."
Supposedly folks during the dark ages thought the earth was flat. Sadly Tyson is perpetuating this myth.
Tyson's misperception of the dark ages is a common error. Well summarized in "The Chart":
"The Chart" What Tim O'Neill calls
In the August 1991 issue of History Today Jeffrey Russel effectively argues people knew the earth was round during and before the time of Columbus. In his comment reply (below Russel's article) Tyson perpetuates the myth that knowledge of a spherical earth was lost in the "Dark Ages". Historian Tim O'Neill explains where this myth comes from. O'Neill also documents prominent scholars from that period that knew the earth was spherical.
The above links as well as more interesting reading can be found in this reddit badhistory thread on Tyson's battle with B.o.B.
The Eiffel Tower Was The First Structure Taller Than The Pyramids
Tyson tells Joe Rogan that the Eiffel Tower was the first structure taller than the pyramids.
Here is Wikipedia's list of tallest buildings built before the 20th century. There are numerous counter examples to Tyson's claim. A few here: The Washington Monument and Cologne Cathedral.
Blind As A Bat
This common misconception is addressed in Christie Wilcox's Discover article Actually, Bats See Just Fine, Neil.
Tyson's trailer for The Martian
Hermes' impossible trajectory
Above is a link to Neil deGrasse Tyson's trailer for The Martian. At 1:15 of the vid, Tyson has the space ship Hermes departing from Low Earth Orbit (LEO). 124 days later he has Hermes arriving at Mars orbit (2:17 of the video).
Hermes is propelled with low thrust ion engines. In the book when Hermes is about to rendezvous with Watney's Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV), Lewis says Hermes can do up to 2 mm/s2. This acceleration is also given online:
Two millimeters per second squared would require an extremely good alpha. But it's possible future power sources will deliver more watts per kilogram. So 2 mm/s2 is only medium implausible. I'll let this slide.
Problem is, low thrust ion engines really suck at climbing in and out of planetary gravity wells. From low earth orbit, it would take Hermes about 40 days to spiral out of earth's gravity well and about 20 days to spiral from the edge of Mars' gravity well to low Mars orbit. Two months spent climbing in and out of gravity wells destroys Andy Weirs' 124 day trajectory.
Given 2 mm/s2, the trajectory Tyson describes is flat out impossible.
A slow ride through the Van Allen belts.
At 1:50 of Tyson's video he talks about the danger of solar flares and how astronauts are vulnerable to radiation. Well, departing from LEO means a month long spiral through the Van Allen Belts. Not only does the long spiral wreck Weir's 124 day trajectory, it also cooks the astronauts.
Tyson enjoys some notoriety for fact checking fantasies like Star Wars or The Good Dinosaur. This leaves me scratching my head. Many of the shows he fact checks make no pretense at being scientifically accurate. However The Martian was an effort at scientifically plausible hard science fiction and thus is fair game. Same goes for Tyson's trailer.
A physically impossible trajectory along with cooking the astronauts? Tyson's effort at hard science fiction isn't any better than Gravity or Interstellar.
Neil's Five Points of Lagrange Essay
The Five Points of Lagrange was a Neil deGrasse Tyson article published in the April, 2002 issue of Natural History Magazine. A few excerpts:
Gravity falls exponentially with distance
Popular usage has made "exponential" a general term for dramatic change. But a physicist should know the more specific mathematical meaning of the this word. Gravity falls with inverse square of distance, not exponentially.
Arthur C. Clarke was first to calculate altitude of geosynchronous orbits
Wrong. Clarke's contribution was suggesting communication satellites be placed in geosynchronous orbit (GSO). A fantastic idea with tremendous impact. But Clarke wasn't the first to calculate the altitude of GSOs.
Herman Potočnik calculated the altitude of GSO in 1928. It's possible this altitude was calculated even earlier. Newton might have done it.
Unhackable Systems
The solution is so simple, just make unhackable systems. Oh my gosh, why didn't the cyber security folks ever think of that?
Twitchy published some good responses.
The Coriolis Force was a Tyson article published in the March 1995 issue of Natural History. In the article Neil has this to say about the 1914 Falklands battle:
But in 1914, from the annals of embarrassing military moments, there was a World War I naval battle between the English and the Germans near the Falklands Islands off Argentina (52 degrees south latitude). The English battle cruisers Invincible and Inflexible engaged the German war ships Gneisenau and Scharnhorst at a range of nearly ten miles. Among other gunnery problems encountered, the English forgot to reverse the direction of their Coriolis correction. Their tables had been calculated for northern hemisphere projectiles, so they missed their targets by even more than if no correction had been applied. They ultimately won the battle against the Germans with about sixty direct hits, but it was not before over a thousand missile shells had fallen in the ocean.However the role of Coriolis correction in this battle is a an urban legend.
Coriolis Force in Football
Tyson likes to say the Coriolis force would deflect a 50 yard field goal half an inch to the right.
He repeats this fairly often. More recently for the Houston stadium. He seems unaware different latitudes feel different Coriolis accelerations.
Coriolis force felt by a football would depend on the velocity and direction of the football as well as the latitude of stadium.
Coriolis acceleration = -2 Ω X v
Metlife is about at latitude 40.8 degrees. Metlife tilts about 11º from the north. I will go with the horizontal speed of the ball of 23 meters/second.
We can choose our coordinates so the x axis runs west to east, the y axis runs south to north and the z axis is the local vertical going up...
Ω = (0, 5.52e-5, 4.76e-5) 1/sec
v = (4.39, 22.58, 0) meters/sec
a = -2 Ω X v = (.0021, -0004, .0005) meters/sec2,
Deflection from uniform acceleration is 1/2 a t2,
where t is time of flight. For a ball with a 23 meter/sec horizontal speed, it takes a little less than 2 seconds to traverse 50 yards.
1/2 a t2 = (.0043, =.0008, .00096) meters = (.167, -.032, .037) inches.
Of that displacement, the component displacement to the right is .17 inches. Tyson's half inch is off by a factor of three.
Field goal kickers don't have the level of precision where 1/6 of an inch vs 1/2 an inch makes much difference. However I wouldn't want Dr. Tyson to be calculating Coriolis in situations where it's important, like naval battles.
2001 Space Odyssey station rotates too fast
19:56 into an interview with Dan Le Batard, Tyson tells Batard:
… by the way I calculated the rotation rate of their space station which gives you artificial gravity on the outer rim. And it turns out it's rotating three times too fast. So if you weigh 150 pounds you'd weight 450 pounds on that space station (hee hee).Tyson also tells Joe Rogan the same thing.
Tyson is wrong on several counts.
2001 A Space Odyssey's Space Station V has a radius of about 150 meters and a spin rate of about 1 revolution each 61seconds. That gives an angular velocity ω of 2 π radians per 61 seconds.
Spin grav = ω2 r
Spin grav = (2π/(61 seconds))2 *150 meters
Spin grav = .106 * 150 meters/second2
Spin grav = 1.59 meters/second2
The spin gravity comes out to about one sixth of earth's gravity. A 150 pound man would weigh about 25 pounds on this station. This is close to the gravity on the moon's surface. Which is what Clarke and Kubrick had intended since the station was a stop on the way to the moon.
Also weight scales with the square of spin rate. So tripling spin rate would increase weight by a factor of nine.
Brick Helicopters
Helicopter blades will continue rotating after engine failure. Descending through the air at an angle can spin up the blades. Leveling off just before reaching the ground makes for a soft landing.
The process is described and demonstrated at this Getting Smarter Every Day Video.
NASA's million dollar space pen
In Tyson's column for Natural History Magazine as well as in his Space Chronicles Tyson wrote:
This urban legend was debunked in a Scientific American article.
At one time both NASA and the Russian space program were using pencils. But the tips flaked and broke resulting in potentially harmful particles floating around in the weightless environment. Pencils are also flammable, something to be avoided in a spacecraft.
Pens were needed. But it wasn't NASA who financed the R&D. It was Paul C. Fisher of the Fisher Pen Company. He invested $1 million to create what we now call the space pen. According to Scientific American, none of that million dollars came from NASA.
Both NASA and the Russians bought the pens from the Fisher Pen company at $2.39 per pen.
Which is wrong. Genetic modification as practiced by Monsanto is splicing DNA from one species onto the DNA of another species. Artificial selection encourages traits that already exist in a population's gene pool. Here is a primer: Genetic Modification Explained.
Are GMOs beneficial? Or are they harmful? I don't know. I'm not taking a position pro or con. I'm pointing out Tyson's argument conflates two different techniques.
In an interview with Fareed Zakaria, Tyson said:
Here is the Wikipedia article on the history of transistors.
Deflategate was a controversy over the American Football Conference championship game January, 2015. The New England Patriots were accused of cheating when their footballs were found to be about 2 pounds under inflated.
Tyson tweeted:
A 2 PSI drop from 13 PSI gauge pressure is about 15%, right? Well, no, not really. The 13 PSI gauge pressure is the pressure above the surrounding air pressure. Atmospheric pressure at sea level is about 15 PSI. Absolute pressure would be 13+15 PSI. So the drop in absolute pressure is 2/28 or about 7%.
Confusing gauge pressure for absolute pressure would be understandable if coming from a freshman engineering student doing a pop quiz. But this is a supposedly world renowned astrophysicist accusing the Patriots coaching staff of cheating.
More on Tyson's Deflategate errors can be found at Neil deGrasse Tyson bungles science of Deflategate scandal.
In his "explanation" of the rocket equation Tyson tells us "the amount of fuel you need okay to deliver a certain payload grows exponentially ... for every extra pound of payload" .
In Tyson's column for Natural History Magazine as well as in his Space Chronicles Tyson wrote:
During the heat of the space race in the 1960s, the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration decided it needed a ballpoint pen to write in the zero gravity confines of its space capsules. After considerable research and development, the Astronaut Pen was developed at a cost of approximately $1 million US. The pen worked and also enjoyed some modest success as a novelty item back here on earth. The Soviet Union, faced with the same problem, used a pencil.Ummmmm..... No.
This urban legend was debunked in a Scientific American article.
At one time both NASA and the Russian space program were using pencils. But the tips flaked and broke resulting in potentially harmful particles floating around in the weightless environment. Pencils are also flammable, something to be avoided in a spacecraft.
Pens were needed. But it wasn't NASA who financed the R&D. It was Paul C. Fisher of the Fisher Pen Company. He invested $1 million to create what we now call the space pen. According to Scientific American, none of that million dollars came from NASA.
Both NASA and the Russians bought the pens from the Fisher Pen company at $2.39 per pen.
GMO = artificial selection
In this video Tyson defends genetic modification by claiming it's not different from the artificial selection humans have been practicing for millennia.
In this video Tyson defends genetic modification by claiming it's not different from the artificial selection humans have been practicing for millennia.
Which is wrong. Genetic modification as practiced by Monsanto is splicing DNA from one species onto the DNA of another species. Artificial selection encourages traits that already exist in a population's gene pool. Here is a primer: Genetic Modification Explained.
Are GMOs beneficial? Or are they harmful? I don't know. I'm not taking a position pro or con. I'm pointing out Tyson's argument conflates two different techniques.
Before NASA nobody thought about miniaturizing electronics
In an interview with Fareed Zakaria, Tyson said:
The urge to miniaturize electronics did not exist before the space program. I mean our grandparents had radios that was furniture in the living room. Nobody at the time was saying Gee, I want to carry that in my pocket. Which is a non-thought.Well, the TR-1 hit the market in November of 1954 and NASA was formed in 1958
The TR-1 hit the market 4 years before NASA was formed
Here is the Wikipedia article on the history of transistors.
Deflategate
Deflategate was a controversy over the American Football Conference championship game January, 2015. The New England Patriots were accused of cheating when their footballs were found to be about 2 pounds under inflated.
Tyson tweeted:
A 2 PSI drop from 13 PSI gauge pressure is about 15%, right? Well, no, not really. The 13 PSI gauge pressure is the pressure above the surrounding air pressure. Atmospheric pressure at sea level is about 15 PSI. Absolute pressure would be 13+15 PSI. So the drop in absolute pressure is 2/28 or about 7%.
Confusing gauge pressure for absolute pressure would be understandable if coming from a freshman engineering student doing a pop quiz. But this is a supposedly world renowned astrophysicist accusing the Patriots coaching staff of cheating.
More on Tyson's Deflategate errors can be found at Neil deGrasse Tyson bungles science of Deflategate scandal.
Tyson's rocket equation: propellant mass scales exponentially with payload mass
In his "explanation" of the rocket equation Tyson tells us "the amount of fuel you need okay to deliver a certain payload grows exponentially ... for every extra pound of payload" .
This is wrong. Rocket propellant mass grows exponentially with increasing delta v, not payload mass.
In fact, amount of propellant mass per kilogram of payload tends to go down with increasing payload mass. This is partly due to the square cube law, amount of surface area per volume goes down with increasing volume. Also the avionics of a large rocket can be the same mass as the avionics for a small rocket. See this thread from the NasaSpaceFlight Forum.
This is particularly annoying to me. Many of my blog entries are devoted to the rocket equation and therefore focus on delta V. Copernicus kept his theory secret for fear of the church
From the Mental Floss Article 10 Things We Learned From Neil deGrasse Tyson's "The Inexplicable Universe" Course:
Evidently Neil hasn't heard of Copernicus' Commentariolus. Copernicus wrote this in 1514, almost thirty years before De revolutionibus orbium coelestium which was published in 1543 when Copernicus was on his deathbed.
In 1533 Johann Albrecht Widmannstetter delivered a series of lectures in Rome on Copernicus ideas. Widmannstetter was secretary to Pope Clement VII, Pope Paul III and Cardinal Nikolaus von Schönberg. His lectures were heard by Pope Clement VII and the cardinals.
Cardinal Nikolaus von Schönberg was impressed with Widmannstetter's lectures and wrote a letter to Copernicus in 1536 urging him to publish.
Copernicus finally published De revolutionibus with the help of his friend Bishop Tiedemann Giese.
De revolutionibus was placed on the Catholic Church's Index of Forbidden Books in 1616. But this was more than 70 years after publication. The book was not formally banned but merely withdrawn from circulation.
So it is not true that Copernicus kept these ideas secret from the Catholic Church. Widmanstetter had shared his ideas with a pope and a number of bishops and cardinals. It was a cardinal who urged him to publish and a bishop who helped him publish.
If there were ever a species for whom sex hurt, it surely went extinct long ago.
Emily Willingham called him out with her Forbes article What Neil deGrasse Tyson doesn't know about sex fills many books. She gives a number of counter examples. Tyson defended himself saying in all her examples it is just a single partner that experiences pain. And that reproduction might occur if one partner finds it pleasurable while the other finds it painful.
Biologist P Z Myers weighed in with Some days, it's very hard to defend Neil deGrasse Tyson. He opined that Tyson's reply was making the goal posts dance. And that in biological systems it often isn't pleasure and pain that drives behavior.
And Myers went on to note that Willingham did provide a counter example where both partners experience pain to reproduce: salmon. He writes:
"And Willingham addressed his excuse with her very first example:semelparous fish, like salmon. Neither sex gets a lot of joy aout of reproduction. They batter themselves half to death trying to get upstream; they exert themselves to such a degree that their flesh is like an exhausted disintegrating bruise by the time they get to the spawning grounds, and then they die."
The James Webb Space Telescope is parked in Earth's shadow
In this Lagrange point explainer Neil tells us that the James Webb Space Telescope is parked at the Sun-Earth L2 where earth blocks the Sun. This is to keep the Sun's rays off of the sensitive infra-red telescope.
Earth does mostly eclipse the sun at the L2. However the JWST isn't parked at SEL2. It is in a large halo orbit around SEL2 and never comes near Earth's shadow. The telescope relies on a sun shade to keep sunlight off of the scope.
Earth is smoother than a cue ball
In this Joe Rogan interview Neil tells us that that Earth scaled down to the size of a cue ball would be smoother than any cue ball ever machined.
Scaled down to a 57 mm diameter cue ball Earth's biggest mountains and valleys would be around .04 mm. Which is about 10 times the size of the biggest bumps and pits on a cue ball.
Neil seems to confuse tolerance for sphericity with texture. VSauce takes a look at this fifteen minutes into his video How much of the Earth can you see at once?
Curvature not visible from Branson's flight
Tyson claims he has done the calculations and tells us that the curvature of the earth is not visible from the altitude of Richard Branson's suborbital fight with Virgin Galactic.
Six minutes into his Facebook video Why Do Billionaires Love Space Neil says "So, now high up are they relative to the earth? Are they gonna see the curvature? I did a calculation, the answer is NO." He makes the same claim here.
Here Neil claims you would not see curvature from the altitude of Felix Baumgartner's jump.
Scott Manley did an excellent video How High Do You Have To Be Before You See The Curvature Of the Earth 360/VR.
Felix Baumgartner made his jump at about a 39 kilometer altitude. A little more than 3 minutes in Scott shows curvature at at 30 kilometer altitude. Curvature is visible. A little more than 4 minutes in he shows the view from a 100 kilometer up.
Either Neil hasn't done the calculation he claims or he is incompetent. This gaffe is especially annoying since Flat Earthers have been citing these claims and appealing to Neil's authority.
NASA invented cordless power tools
Tyson tells Joe Rogan that NASA invented cordless power tools because there are no power outlets in outer space.
However Black and Decker Developed the first cordless power tool in 1961 before the company had any contracts with NASA. From a NASA page:
Did NASA invent cordless power tools?No. The first cordless power tool was unveiled by Black & Decker in 1961. In the mid-1960s, Martin Marietta Corporation contracted with Black & Decker to design tools for NASA. The tool company developed a zero-impact wrench for the Gemini project that spun bolts in zero gravity without spinning the astronaut. Black & Decker also designed a cordless rotary hammer drill for the Apollo moon program. The drill was used to extract rock samples from the surface of the moon and could operate at extreme temperatures and in zero-atmosphere conditions. Before the zero-impact wrench and rotary hammer drill could go into space, they needed to be tested in anti-gravity conditions. Black & Decker and NASA tested the tools either under water or in transport planes that would climb to the highest possible altitude and then nosedive to simulate anti-gravity conditions. As a result of this work, Black & Decker created several spinoffs, including cordless lightweight battery powered precision medical instruments and a cordless miniature vacuum cleaner called the Dustbuster, but cordless power tools predate the Space Agency's involvement with the company.
Modern nuclear weapons would have no fall out
Tyson: Modern nukes don't have the radiation problem -- just to be clearMaher: Really?Tyson: you're still blown to Smithereens but yeah it's a different kind of weapon than the Hiroshima and NagasakiMaher: Nuclear weapons -- If they're exploded don't have a radiation problem?Tyson: Not if it's a hydrogen bomb. No, not in the way that you we used to have to worry about it with fallout and all the rest of that.
Modern hydrogen bombs use a fission trigger. And many hydrogen bombs use a fission reaction during the fusion reaction to increase destructive power. There is a potential for much more fall out than Hiroshima or Nagasaki.
Alex Wellerstein, a historian specializing in nuclear weapons, gave a break down on Twitter.
Here is the Wikipedia article on hydrogen bombs.
Other complaints against Tyson
The above is a list of Neil's questionable claims. What follows is other Tyson related information.
Allegations of sexual misconduct
Tchiya Amet alleges that Tyson drugged and raped her in 1984. There are many articles on her allegations. Here is an article from Vox is one. Is Tyson guilty? I can't tell. It Tyson's word against Amet's on an event that happened decades ago.
Here Tchiya talks about her experience in a YouTube interview with David McAffee.
The Vox story also talks about Katelyn Allers' complaint that Neil lifted her blouse to look at a tattoo. Creepy but not really a serious transgression, in my opinion.
However Ashley Watson's story is very credible. Neil has corroborated most of Watson's account.
Watson was Neil's production assistant for the Cosmos TV show. One evening Neil invited her to his apartment at 10:30 pm. Watson thought they were going to discuss the show and a possible promotion.
According to Watson Neil was partially dressed. She said he was playing one of Nina Simone's songs and kept repeating the lyric "Do I make you quiver." He gave her a "Native American Handshake" where he felt her pulse as he looked into her eyes.
Ashley didn't put out and within days she resigned/was let go.
Watson complained and National Geographic says they conducted an investigation. However Watson says she gave the investigators contact information of people who could corroborate their complaints. She says none of them were contacted. See this story from the Daily Beast.
An older married man hitting on a younger engaged woman is creepy but not a career destroying offense. However holding someone's career hostage is an abuse of power. If Tyson is guilty of this he should be fired from any administrative position. Personally, I believe Ashley Watson.
See also Tyson's Facebook post on the allegations.
Neil trashing a writer from the New Yorker magazine
Karen Heller did an interview with Tyson for The Washington Post. In that interview Neil expressed his anger at Rebecca Mead, a writer for the New Yorker.
Meade's profile of Tyson was dripping with admiration for Tyson. However she made the mistake of correctly noting "Tyson attended public schools, and was not a distinguished student. He was social, and teachers criticized him for being inattentive."
Tyson responded by commenting on Meade's article:
No, no, no, no, no. As far as I can judge, I was anything but a mediocre child. I was active in all these activities that were intellectually stimulating. What’s interesting is I have two or three times as many Twitter followers as the New Yorker has circulation. So I haven’t done it yet, but I’m going to post the article and say, ‘This is verbally accurate and impressionistically false.’ It will be an exercise in journalism.
In my opinion Neil deserved his bad grades. He has repeatedly displayed incompetence in math and physics and horrendously sloppy scholarship in his attempts to recount history. Rebecca Meade could have mentioned that Neil flunked out at the University of Texas with his advisors suggesting he pursue a different career (scroll to trouble in Texas).
Neil also talked about his interview with Rebecca Meade at the Knight Innovation awards: Link. He is ranting about inaccuracy in journalism. He is complaining that Meade misquoted him: "In the article it comes out, it says 'Tyson had a devoutly religious childhood.'" What Meade actually wrote: "Tyson attended a Catholic Church as a boy, but he began questioning the Church's tenets before entering his teens." He completely misquotes Meade while he's complaining about misquoting. And this is about a year after Tyson was caught fabricating quotes of President Bush.
Neil was treated more than fairly by Rebecca Meade, in my opinion.
Neil's business partner complains he was misled.
David Gamble was one of Tyson's former business partners. He claimed Tyson misled him when his partners bought out their share of StarTalk. From an article in The New York Post:
Celebrity astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson defrauded one of the creators of his popular “StarTalk” show while the producer was suffering physically and financially from a rare liver disorder, according to a new lawsuit.
David Gamble says he and NASA employee Helen Matsos brought the idea for the “StarTalk” radio show to Tyson in 2006.
Their partnership began to fray in 2011, however, when Gamble was diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease, according to Gamble’s Manhattan federal suit. Tyson and Matsos cut Gamble out of “StarTalk’s” operations, Gamble claims.
Gamble — who was undergoing dialysis for three to fours hours each day — agreed to sell his stake in “StarTalk” to Tyson and Matsos, the lawsuit claims. But Tyson and Matsos defaulted on their payments and only agreed to pay after convincing Gamble to take a lesser deal, he said.
Tyson personally convinced Gamble to take the new deal by telling Gamble “that Tyson would likely be leaving StarTalk and that he did not believe the show had any future,” the lawsuit said.
I can understand excluding a partner if his health were failing. But did Tyson tell Gamble StarTalk had no future? If so, there's no question Gamble was misled.
Kickstarter and Indiegogo supporters put $734,287 into Neil's vapor ware video game.
Neil deGrasse Tyson's Space Odyssey was a crowd funded video game. 7207 backers invested $356,866. The goal was $314,159, the first 6 digits of pi. Estimated delivery of the game was July 2018. The game has still not been delivered. Here is the Kickstarter page.
And 7,568 backers pitched in $377,421 on Indiegogo.
Here is the KickStarter comment page. And here is the Indiegogo comment page. Needless to say those who invested are disappointed and angry.
MinnMax did a video on this: What Happened to Neil deGrasse Tyson's Video Game? And there is also Coffeezilla's Go Fund Me Ep 2 Neil deGrasse Tyson's Video Game.
As of August 6, 2024 Tyson's vigilant defenders on Wikipedia are still claiming the game is in development: Link.
I would add a "citation needed" to the claim. But I've been barred from editing Wikipedia.
Students sink $50,000 to hear Neil B.S.
Here is a college student's account of Neil's disappointing presentation. It had a net 10.3 k upvotes. Here is another student describing the same event.
Is Tyson an
astrophysicist?
On a talk page of Wikipedia's Tyson article someone asks if Neil is a practicing astrophysicist.
Don Barry, an actual astrophysicist from Cornell, replies:
Not since graduate school (he did not successfully progress towards a degree at UT/Austin, and convinced Columbia to give him a second try). Aside from the obligatory papers describing his dissertation, he's got a paper on how to take dome flats, a bizarre paper speculating about an asteroid hitting Uranus, and courtesy mentions *very* late in the author lists of a few big projects in which it is unclear what, if anything, of substance he contributed. No first author papers of any real significance whatsoever. Nor is the there any evidence that he has been awarded any telescope time on significant instruments as PI since grad school, despite the incredibly inflated claims in his published CVs. He cozied up to Bush and pushed Bush's version of man to the Moon, Mars, and Beyond, and now gets appointed to just about every high level political advisory board. To an actual astronomer, this is almost beyond inconceivable. It's just bizarre. To answer Delon's question, no: he is not a practicing astrophysicist - Don Barry, Ph.D. Dept of Astronomy, Cornell University
Barry's assessment was written December 3, 2008. This is from Neil's C.V. which I retrieved on June 12, 2023. I count 5 peer reviewed papers where Neil is the lead author, published from 1988 to 1993. He is listed as co-author is the COSMOS papers in 2007 and 2008. I believe these are the few big projects Barry mentions. Barry is correct -- Neil's name appears late in long lists of authors. Barry's assessment remains correct to this day.
Even as a student Tyson's performance was sub mediocre. Harvard turned him down for their post graduate program.
And he flunked out of his doctoral program at the University of Texas. From The Alcalde, a University of Texas publication:
Back in the lab, though, things weren't going as well. Tyson wasn't making progress on his dissertation, and professors encouraged him to consider alternate careers. He took the criticism hard, and he also faced racial discrimination on campus."I was stopped and questioned seven times by University police on my way into the physics building," he says. "Seven times. Zero times was I stopped going into the gym — and I went to the gym a lot. That says all you need to know about how welcome I felt at Texas."At the same time, Tyson says that racism, while an everyday reality, didn't play a major role in his leaving the University. "Getting stopped by the police—I don't count that as significant racism. That's just 'same shit, different day' racism. I was stopped by campus police at other schools too—though not with the same frequency as in Texas. And I still get followed by security guards in department stores."After Tyson finished his master's thesis, his advisors dissolved his dissertation committee—essentially flunking him. "I still don't talk about it much," he says, "because it was a failed experiment, and I've moved on from that chapter of my life.""With or Without skin color, I wasn't the model student," he adds. "There was simply no room for me to be the full person that I was. If race was at play in all this, it was only at the edges of the experience"
Kudos to Neil's U.T. doctoral committee for having the backbone to flunk him. Given the numerous errors in his pop science I am wondering how he got a bachelor's degree, much less a doctorate.
Neil also talks about his experience at University of Texas in a YouTube video: Link. At one point in the video Tyson says: "I realized this that trying to taunt me on the premise that the toil you invest in getting a PhD is something to avoid. Somehow that's bad. When in fact that is the scientific enterprise. Your PhD is just your first big research project that we expect many more of you down the line." The low expectations of Neil's U.T. advisors were accurate. Neil did only two 1st author papers after his Ph.D. dissertation the last being in 1993.
R. Michael Rich was Tyson's doctoral advisor at Columbia. It's my belief Rich noticed the popularity of Neil's lectures and gave Neil his credentials thanking that science and astronomy needed a charismatic advocate.
It says in Tyson's Wikipedia article that Rich hired students to help Neil with the data reduction on his thesis. So I am wondering how much of his doctoral dissertation Neil wrote.
In my opinion Tyson demonstrates that charisma and political skills suffice to get an Ivey League degree -- competence in physics is not required.
Meatatarians vs Vegetarians
There are a number of reasons to eat less meat. Vegans express concern for the suffering of animals we grow and kill to eat meat. The meat industry has a large carbon footprint and a greater impact on the environment. I am not a vegan or a vegetarian. But I have tried to reduce my meat intake. My daughter is vegetarian.
In his book Starry Messenger Neil has a chapter ridiculing vegans and vegetarians. He regurgitates much of this chapter when promoting his book on TV or podcasts. From an interview with Steven Colbert:
"People say 'I don't want to kill animals.' I don't have a problem with that. They probably have a humane mouse trap in their basement. They don't want to snap the neck of the mouse. So they capture the mouse -- you've got to check on it every couple of days because they dry out real quick."So there it is and they set it loose into the wild where they have guaranteed it will be swallowed whole by, and picked apart by woodland predators. The average life of a mouse in the wild is nine to 18 months. Best thing you can do for a mouse is leave it in your basement where it will live up to six years."
This is a ridiculous straw man. Is it practical to share our home with a fire and health hazard? No. Is it practical to reduce animal suffering by eating less meat? Yes.
Personally I use traps that snap the rodent's neck. I believe this is quickest most painless death I can give them. I am not going to let them dwell in my wall where they can chew the insulation off my electrical wiring.
Neil goes on to describe a bizarre scenario where sentient plant aliens would be appalled at vegans eating baby plants:
"Imagine photosynthesizing sentient aliens. They're in a spaceship and saw earth, has a good biodiversity of plants and it's on their tour book. They come to visit."Then they meet vegetarians who expressly eat plants. And they'll freak out. And it's not just plants. They notice that vegetarians target the reproductive organs of plants -- its flowers the berries, the nut, all of the things -- the plant's just trying to make another version of itself."Nope, let's eat it!..."Imagine the aliens check in on Whole Foods and they see people shopping in the produce aisle. And they notice these same vegetarians are into infanticide because they're selecting baby carrots, baby spinach, baby arugula, baby everything. And these aliens say 'What the hell is going on here on earth?' and they attack us!"
Maybe the aliens would notice the plants we eat aren't sentient. Mushrooms are more closely related to us than to photosynthesizing plants. But there's no evidence they feel pain or fear. Nor have I seen evidence plants suffer.
Do Neil and his plant aliens equate slicing up a carrot to slicing up a living puppy?
But let's say for the sake of argument that plants do suffer.
By some estimates it takes 8 pounds of grain to grow a pound of beef. So to get a pound of food the meat eater has to slaughter eight times as much plant life as the vegan getting his food directly from plants. The aliens would be eight times as pissed at Neil. Maybe more as it has taken many pounds of meat for Neil to grow his enormous buttocks.
Neil lets rip one of his dramatic sound bites: "If you cut a tree, does it not bleed?" I am thinking of torrents of tree blood being splattered as Neil takes a chainsaw to trees in the Amazon rain forest so he can eat more beef.
Failure to correct misinformation.
It's June 21, 2023 as I write this. I started this page in 2016. For nearly nine years I've been asking Neil to correct the misinformation he has spread. At first I tried to be courteous and respectful. But it seems like Tyson has no desire to combat the misinformation he has spread over the years. I have to conclude he has no regard for the truth.
Reluctance to admit error for his Bush and Star Names story.
In 2014 Sean Davis sent a series of questions to Tyson. Neil responded to them here. One of the questions:
3) Tyson regularly tells his his audiences about the time time that President Bush said, in the week after 9/11, "Our God is the God who named the stars" as a way of dividing people based on religion. Can you please provide me with the original sources of this exact quote from President George W. Bush, including the date on which he said it, the venue, and the full remarks in which the quote appeared?
Tyson responded:
2001 affected me deeply, as was true with most people. ...I have explicit memory of those words being spoken by the President. I reacted on the spot, making note for possible later reference in my public discourse. Odd that nobody seems to be able to find the quote anywhere -- surely every word publicly uttered by a President gets logged.FYI: There are two kinds of failures of memory. Ones remembering that which has never happened and the other is forgetting that which did. In my case, from life experience, I'm vastly more likely to forget an incident than to remember an incident that never happened. So I assure you, the quote is there somewhere. When you find it, tell me. Then I can offer it to others who've taken as much time as you to explore these things.One of our mantras in science is that the absence of evidence is not the same as evidence of absence.
That last sentence is galling. Neil is always going on about backing up claims with evidence. But when he makes a serious accusation against the President, he doesn't need evidence. And he is using his eyewitness testimony to back up his story? The unreliability of eye witness testimony is a staple for his shows. He should use this as an example.
Tyson would not admit error.
And then the story started trending. Even appearing in outlets like The Washington Post (Link).
Tyson was eventually forced to admit error. But it took a great deal of arm twisting.
Kinda Sorta admitting error in regarding Ghazali and the Islamic Golden Age
Neil sort of admitted error in his comments on this blog (Link).
But my blog is a very obscure corner of the internet. Neil has been loudly and publicly repeating this story for years, maybe decades. And his fans are still reposting this misinformation. Neil needs to make more of an effort to correct this chunk of false history.
No admission whatsoever regarding his Newton falsehoods
Regarding Newton Thony Christie has been trying to give Neil a heads up since at least 2014. Maybe earlier. See this tweet.
And I have been hounding Neil for years. On occasion he has responded to me. Here is a screen capture I made in 2019:
I think it finally got through, though. I've noticed his Newton stories seem to have dropped from his routine around 2019.
On this page I have a long section on Neil's misinformation regarding Newton (Link). To summarize Neil has Newton doing Principia and inventing calculus in just two months on a lark. But then Tyson has Newton turning into a drooling idiot when he started basking in the majesty of God.
Systemic dishonesty
It's not just Neil pointedly ignoring the falsehoods he's spread.
Jonathan Adler wrote an article on how Neil's Bush and Star Names debacle was censored from Tyson's Wikipedia article (Link).
And, indeed, it's all there in Wikipedia's talk pages. I will give Wikipedia credit that their process if much more transparent than in most information outlets.
Discussion of Bush and Star Names starts on Archive 2 of the talk pages for Neil's article. At first the censors argue that Sean Davis and the Federalist aren't reliable sources.
Archive 3 starts with references to Neil's admission his Bush and Star Names story was wrong. Yet numerous editors continue to make the reliable sources argument even up to Archive 12. Major coverage was another argument against inclusion in the article even though the story appeared in many major news outlets.
Starting in Archive 13 Tyson's defenders try censor allegations of sexual misconduct. I was surprised that mention of the allegations eventually made it into the article
In my opinion if a pundit is busted disseminating false information it should be included in his Wikipedia article. I doubt Wikipedia's article will ever note any of the falsehoods Tyson has spread.
The Wikipedia process is transparent. I would guess similar conversations have gone on behind the scenes at other information outlets.
Tyson is marketed as the voice of rationality and objective truth. It seems his supporters think he must be protected even if it means suppressing data. Tyson and his cult of personality have come to embody the same offenses Tyson proclaims to combat.
58 comments:
So what he made a few mistakes, and got stuff wrong when typing up certain things, he is probably the most seen and heard scientist out there right now, I fail to see how it is fair to have disdain for the guy when he remembers a vast amount of stories and facts, that occasionally even if he tries to make sure he doesn't, he is bound to slip up somewhere.
I was generally getting the feeling that you were attacking Tyson for trying who he was. And since he has made science more widely received, and enjoyed, I fail to see how his contribution is negative. And as someone who believes the spreading of logical, and intellectual thought is the key to most of the worlds issues, I struggle to see how anyone who feels the same has nothing other than inspiration for the guy.
And as for the claims that he appeals to the 'Kardashian types', I'm pretty sure those types lose interest after the word astrophysicist.
My impression is that Hermes never stays in low orbit either at Earth or Mars. At Earth, I believe that it stayed at one of the L-points while it is refueled and re-provisioned. Does that make a difference?
Anonymous, parking at an L point would make a big difference. As I wrote above, it'd make Weir's 124 day journey possible. However Tyson's trailer very clearly describes Hermes' trip. It departs from low earth orbit and reaches Mars orbit 124 days later.
Inverse square is exponential. Try it. 1/n^2 = n^-2, where -2 is the exponent!
Anonymous, now there are two anonymous posters. That makes it ambiguous who I'm replying to. Folks, please give yourself a handle.
How about a parabola? y=x^2. 2 is the exponent! Any polynomial will have exponents. How about y = x? 1 is the exponent! Or y = 1? Zero is the exponent!
No, an exponential function is a different animal.
I've been a science enthusiast my entire life and enjoy engaging with others of similar interests. What I've not enjoyed is a certain subset of science enthusiasts who view science as a sort of club to bash those less knowledgeable than themselves so they can feel superior. This type of science fan rarely knows much of science beyond the fact that they enjoy science documentaries and have memorized some scientific trivia - a very different thing from applying scientific methodology, being able to integrate models into explanations or working out mathematical formulas. De Grasse seems to attract a following among such science fans.
Science enthusiasts who see a conflict between science and religion often enjoy pointing to the distasteful spectacle of religion being used as a club by the arrogant and hypocritical. In fact, humility is as great a virtue in science as it is in religion. It's almost as if the problem isn't science or religion, but human nature.
G. Bullock
@Sam Walsh But, how was Dr. deGrasse Tyson's outreach to "the Kardashian types" improve by not checking his figures and logic? He's got a PhD in astrophysics, he knows how to do it pretty swiftly. The Martian describes a mission concept which is close enough to plausible to have its faults discussed in an interesting way. Hop does that here, while Tyson kind of missed the physics and left no one any the wiser with his comments. It is valuable that such public outreach errors are sorted out, I think it helps rather than hampers public outreach activities in general. And maybe it makes Tyson and others a bit more careful going forward, improving space outreach activities.
I concede that NDGT is far smarter than I as he earned a PhD in astrophysics and is co-author of a dozen or so papers, while I have a BSEE and doubt that I could ever achieve a PhD. However, he's a slacker who repeatedly spouts off pontificating before checking his work. Here's yet another of many examples. When the Deflategate controversy erupted about deflating footballs Tyson opined quickly. He correctly cited the Ideal Gas Law PV=nrT but then went on to totally mis-apply it, blowing the simple calculations. He incorrectly concluded that a drop in temperature could not explain the cited drop in psi. What he neglected to do in his rush for public center stage was to use absolute pressure; instead he just used the supposed 12.5 psi the balls were supposedly set to by the refs, never adding the sea level 14.7 psi to the 12.5 psi. It makes a significant difference. To his credit, he acknowledged his error when we engineers and physicists pointed it out.
Phil, Tyson has also acknowledged the Bush misquote (albeit with a lot of arm twisting).
But he and his fans seem to remain oblivious to most of his errors.
As a space enthusiast, I've been advocating infrastructure in the earth-moon neighborhood. Lunar propellent mines, orbital propellent depots, near earth asteroids parked in lunar orbit. Robust near earth infrastructure would have many payoffs including making it easier to travel between earth and Mars.
The Hermes departing directly from low earth orbit feeds into Mars Direct mythos Zubrin and his followers have built. It really galls me to see Tyson, this self proclaimed advocate of mathematical rigor, endorse an impossible trajectory.
I will check out the Deflategate controversy. I might add it to this list of Tyson goofs.
The Martian trailer seems pretty obviously to be an ad where Tyson was just given a script to read. So it would be the error of the author or screenwriter that you're referring to.
Also, isn't it possible that the Hermes parking orbit at Earth and Mars would be an elliptical orbit rather than a low circular orbit? For example a 200 km x 100,000 km orbit. Then there would be no need to spend a long time spiraling into or from a heliocentric orbit. The landers would just need a better heat shield and the launchers more delta-v to reach the orbiting spacecraft compared to low orbit.
He also says the Hermes stays in low Earth orbit between flights, but that also makes sense as it could spend 40 days getting from HEO to LEO after the astronauts have left, several years in LEO getting resupplied for the next flight, and another 40 days going up to HEO for the next flight to Mars before the astronauts board it.
Are you the same Metaphor that made the Kerbal and actual solar system delta V charts? If so, I admire your work.
Tyson's words at 1:15 "We only built one. And it remains harbored in low earth orbit between missions. Astronauts rely on shuttles to travel up to Hermes and from there they set sail on a perfect controlled cruise".
The Twentieth Century Fox back story has Hermes departing from low earth orbit. I'm fairly sure Tyson was just going from the story line handed him. Still, he fact checks other science fiction efforts. He should have checked the movie studio's script before making that trailer.
In the original novel Weir doesn't specify the orbit Hermes departs from. I believe the movie studio is the source of this error.
I haven't seen a description of the Mars parking orbit. Judging by the delta V budget of the unaltered Mars Ascent Vehicle, I'd say MAV rendezvous in low Mars orbit was the plan. I've heard Andy wanted to rely on Mars aerobraking to help with getting Hermes into Mars parking orbit. To get 2 mm/s^2 from VASIMR engines would take a very good alpha. That sort of alpha means structures with lots of surface area and low mass. Whether acres of solar panels or acres of waste heat radiators, shedding velocity via aerobraking would damage that tenuous and fragile structure, in my opinion.
As mentioned in a post above, I've long been an advocate of cislunar infrastructure rather than direct Zubrinista style departure from LEO. EML2 is a much better place to harbor the Hermes between missions. Skipping climbing up and down a large part of earth's gravity well would save time and delta V. Not to mention avoiding exposure to the radioactive and debris dense regions of lower earth orbits.
Wow. Just discovered this compilation. I recognize that it required careful and extensive review of huge swaths of my print and video output. So I am impressed by this effort.
As for fact-checking movies as a past-time, I think I am largely misunderstood when I do so. My aim is to celebrate the fact that attention was given to science at all -- by artists and producers. And when I correct something, the intent is to leave the reader (or viewer) in a more enlightened place. But in practice, people see my comments as pointless, nitpicking, buzz-killing conduct, which means I consistently fail to communicate my full motives, and will probably do less of it in the future.
Many of the comments and criticisms in this compilation are at a very high level, compared with the science fluency of the intended audience. While this does not excuse actual errors, it does bring into question how to best invest one's efforts to rid the world of misinformation or disinformation. Lately, I've been a huge target. Comes with the territory, but I welcome it.
Some specific reactions:
1) I am clever enough to have come up with a different word than "exponential". I am a fan of colloquialisms, but only when they don't confuse the science So my bad there.
2) The Martian spot was just for fun. I significantly edited the script that I was handed ,for visual accuracy and content. Any errors that remained I simply missed. You might otherwise be applauding me for the errors I caught.
3) Regarding the Bush quote, I made two inexcusable errors: the first was attributing the quote to a speech Bush gave five months later. And second, giving the wrong motivation for him saying the quote. But the quote was otherwise accurate and was only a minor part of a much larger point that I made in lectures I've given. And as noted, this whole story, which is more interesting than I'm even conveying here (involving accusatory reporters from conservative magazines) is fully detailed on my Facebook Notes.
4) As for Al-Ghazali and his role in the fall of the Golden Age of Islam, I present this analysis as part of a larger discussion of the rise and fall of Baghdad as the intellectual capital of the World. And nobody who sees that full discussion (including a presentation I gave in Dubai in February 2016 to 3,000 people) has objected in the way people do who see only excerpts. So there's some miscommunication there. In any case, this should not count as an error but more as a point of Historical discussion and debate.
5) Deflate Gate: There are levels of error one can make. In my opinion they should be fielded differently from one another by critics. I see five...
(A) a person is clueless and is spouting nonsense. (B) A person has the right ideas but gets none of the facts correct to support them. (C) A person understands most of what matters, but makes some correctible mistakes. (D) A person understands what matters to the calculation, even does the calculation correctly, but made the wrong assumptions, and so got the wrong answer. (E) (related to (D) A person understands everything, gets the right answer given the assumptions, but omitted a factor or phenomenon that affects the calculated result. For me, I'd put my deflate gate tweet somewhere between Levels (D) and (E).
I any case, keep them coming. I welcome this level of scrutiny.
And Happy Pi-day to all.
Respectfully Submitted,
Neil deGrasse Tyson, New York City
Neil deGrasse Tyson,
I applaud your movie fact checking. It's a way to stimulate interest in science and educate. I am hoping my critiques will do the same. I am enthusiastic about an ion driven Mars transfer parked in earth's neighborhood between launch windows. But at earth-moon Lagrange 2 rather than low earth orbit. I hope you will take the time to let your audience know the problems a low thrust rocket has climbing out of earth's gravity well.
Thank you for your reactions 1) and 2). Acknowledging errors is an admirable thing.
I am not satisfied with reaction 3).
I was also horrified by 9-11. After that terrible event I braced myself for the inevitable waves of xenophobia. I was expecting Bush to fan the flames and exploit the intense emotions of the time. But I was very pleasantly surprised. Rather than the jingoistic rabble rousing, Bush called for tolerance and inclusion. See Bush's actual post 9-11 speech Islam is Peace
So I completely reject your portrayal of Bush's post 9-11 behavior. Bush did not try to sow division between Christians and Muslims, just the opposite. And given that Bush wasn't trying to whip up anger against Arabs, your ridicule blows back and lands on your own shirt.
It seems to me Bush was a good friend to you. His appointments were a boost to your career. How do you show your gratitude? You falsely portray your benefactor as a xenophobic demagogue. You mock his idiocy while your audience howls with laughter.
Sorry, but I completely agree with Sean Davis and Jonathan Adler in regards to the Bush and Star Names video. Whether they are conservative or not makes no difference. Their accusations are valid.
Onto reaction 4)… Cite please. I'm no scholar of Muslim theology so my opinion could well be wrong. Show me a passage from Ghazali's writings where he says math is the work of the devil. If you can produce that, I will revise that section of this blog post and acknowledge your correction. As for an audience of 3,000 not objecting to what you say? You've been giving false accounts of Bush's speech to large audiences. So far as I know, Sean Davis is the first to correct you. It seems big audiences can be just as misinformed as you are.
I urge you to exercise some humility and respect. More eloquent expressions of awe and wonder at our universe. Less ridicule toward those you regard as your intellectual inferiors. This would make you a more effective advocate for science and rational thought.
Dear David H.
Thanks for your note.
I don't what you mean by being dissatisfied with my statement that I made two unforgivable errors related to Bush's speech. Unless you are arguing against my assertion of how insignificant the reference was to the larger point I was making in my talk. Fact is, the Bush reference was a simple (and flawed) way to introduce Arab star names as a subject, which was the real point of that small part of my much larger talk on Cosmic Discovery
As for Al Ghazali, a more accurate representation of his views is that the manipulation of numbers was an earthly rather than a divine pursuit. And it was divine thoughts and conduct that were widely promoted -- to the exclusion of earthly conduct. Earthly conduct became associated with being anti-God, which I characterized as the devil. In later speeches (over the past year or so) I leave it as the simple split between earthly and divine pursuits, realizing that I was misleading some people by mentioning the devil at all.
Further, I neglected to mention that the "five-centuries" reference in my tweet the B.o.B refers to the dawn of the earliest maps of a spherical Earth. A time where all doubt was removed from the minds of cartographers. I am most fascinated by this transition of world view, before which everybody drew themselves in the center of a flat circle.
The demands on my time are huge, so I won't be able to visit back, except infrequently, but I appreciate yours, and others' measured commentary on my work.
Respectfully Submitted
Neil deGrasse Tyson, Washington D.C.
I like parts of your naming rights presentation. By all means mention Californium and Berkelium. Talk about the Golden Age of Islam and how we use Arabic star names. It is wonderful you glorify cultures that value scientific inquiry.
It is your scapegoats I take issue with. In Partial Anatomy of My Public Talks you write "And I will still mention the President's quote." What does Bush's eulogy for the Space Shuttle Columbia astronauts have to do with naming rights? Are you going to milk a eulogy for comic relief?
From what I've read Hamid al-Ghazali praised the disciplines of science and math. But he said science and math shouldn't be mixed with theology. You've said the same. Hamid would question Greek philosophers. Does that make him anti-science? No. Galileo challenged Aristotle and that certainly doesn't make Galileo anti-science.
Islamic scientific discovery continued for some time after al-Ghazali. And the fall of Islam's Golden Age can be attributed to several factors not having any thing to do with that cleric.
So if you're trying to paint a picture of Islamic religious bigotry shutting down scientific inquiry, you've failed.
After establishing Ghazali as your scapegoat you will go on to claim religious belief shut down Newton's amazing output. You argue he could have easily worked out LaPlace's n-body mechanics had he not been satisfied with The God of The Gaps explanation. And how do you know that? I could just as easily argue an agnostic Newton would not have made any of Isaac's ground breaking innovations. Neither hypothesis is testable.
Does belief in God shut down creativity in math and science? You can certainly point to knuckle dragging religious fundamentalists. And I can point to believers who've done good work. I can also point to some knuckle draggers among your fans. I know dissing Christians and Republicans will get you time on shows like Bill Maher. But I would urge you to avoid religion and politics. Stick to what's testable in the laboratory if you want to regain credibility.
This says it all for me:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Z_Cxxj-sOs
Tyson has an attitude problem (comes across as an arrogant jerk), but beyond that, Greene's right without question. Science doesn't work on a schedule, only its funding, and Tyson's point is absurd. As a scientist he should know better (beyond whatever teasing may have been going on). He strikes me as being very serious.
Larry, thanks for an interesting video. I don't see Tyson as slamming Greene, however. He is attempting to present some of the criticisms of string theory in an entertaining fashion. Greene doesn't seem offended by this clowning around. Roger Bacon would advocate testing a theory in reproducible experiments. But how do you test string theory? We might be entering an era in science where models aren't testable and critics might well object "Where's the Bacon?"
It is annoying that he focuses on their slow progress, though. How often does an Einstein or Newton come along? And given the increasingly complex body of knowledge, could even an Einstein or Newton cut through the clouds of confusion to shed light on what's going on? Maybe not. Einstein spent much of the latter part of his life unsuccessfully pursuing the TOE.
@David. I disagree. His comparison of string theory’s progress to that of others (Einstein or whoever) has no merit and Greene rightly tells him so. If strings really exist, then they’re theoretically the size of the Planck constant (a millionth of a billionth of a billionth of a billionth of a centimeter), which is far beyond anything our best technology can possibly see (not even close). Finding a way to verify their existence and/or run experiments so more can be learned is incredibly difficult (unlike General Relativity). Progress is inherently slow because of the very nature of what they’re researching. So what’s Tyson’s point? That progress isn’t fast enough so maybe they should abandon the entire theory? The theory has tremendous promise (unifying relativity and quantum mechanics for instance), so it might ultimately be proven right, even if it takes another 1000 years to unravel. Indirect experimental evidence may be possible one day, even without being able to directly see a string. His point is completely untenable IMHO. It may very well be the TOE (GUT) so you can't place a timetable on it. The theory should only be abandoned (or shelved, if temporarily) when a real dead end is met (proof that it's false, or the inability to make anymore progress).
Asking if anyone knows of any more Tyson bloopers is pointless. Tyson is a blooper. I haven't been able to stand him since the first time I saw him, probably because the first thing out of his mouth was wrong. More real science and less personal grandstanding would do a great deal to increase his credibility. He should consider sticking to what he knows and leaving the sciences other than astrophysics (where his error rate is lowest) to those who are educated about them.
Mmm, a part of me wishes that I had not found this discussion board, because sometimes ignorance can be so blissful; sometimes being none the wiser is better than enlightenment. I agree with Mr Hollister David and many others part taking in this discussion and many others elsewhere on the very same topic.
I think that Mr Tyson, (a man who I happen to admire greatly still) should take the time out of his busy schedule and address the wider community (whom he has inspired to take an interest in astronomy and science in general) and make amends for his mistakes.
As an advocate for Astronomy and science, Mr Tyson is a very well known and popular individual in the scientific community...
Mr Tyson if you are reading this, I am sure that you are aware of the great influence you hold over the general public, on youtube alone many of your videos get over a million views and positive reactions by people from all across the globe;
When it comes to promoting science you have an unprecedented influence over the public globally, like no other science advocate since Mr Carl Sagan.
So, without trying to sound like a dork, as J. Hector Fezandie once said "With great power, goes great responsibility".
Please use your internationally recognised platform of influence responsibly and have the humility to make amends to any of your mistakes you make along your journey.
I sincerely hope that the reason you have failed to make amendment to your mistakes/completely clarify your statements and put all these questions to rest is not because you have a big ego, because that will just be really really really, disappointing to know....To quote Akala- " the only bi**h in the world Is a man and his ego he hides in a shell"
To Mr Tyson as a closing statement I just want to say that we all make mistakes, were only homosapiens haha, were not infallable creatures. I hope that you will do the right thing and make amends.
Sincerely
Humble admirer Mr Limbu
(On a side note, if anyone doesn't recognise the name 'Akala' I am not surprised, he is not as well known as Mr Tyson, Akala is a british Poet/rapper, but please don't let the 'rapper' part disuade you from taking interest, he is quite an intellectual individual and his words are nothing short of eloquent.
Here is a link if anyone is interested in checking him out https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oh03JO6EFjo)
Apologies for the poor english. My english no good. I no speak english well.
Religion is seeing without an observer. Science requires an observer who measures. The very act of measurement deceives us into the feeling that the observer is a real thing in space who can understand how other "things" in space interact. What this means is that knowledge can never be anything more than a construct in space. As an example, a description of how a helicopter falls out of the sky isn't actually a helicopter falling out of the sky. Knowledge can never encapsulate wholeness.
I thought it very cool that Neil went out of his way to contribute to the helicopter video that proved him wrong. But then, I think Neil is human (and thus fallible) like the rest of us, so am neither surprised when he makes a mistake not do I let it lessen my opinion of the man.
We NEED science. Neil is trying to get young people interested in science, so we as a species do not stagnate. When you put yourself out there as much as NDT, you will make mistakes sometimes. But he keep trying, and that is the most important thing.
I agree with most of what you say. But surely when you make mistakes and uneducated people who don't know anything different accept your statement as a fact. That! Is a problem. Dr Tyson has influential powers equal to the likes of Attenbrough and Sagan. He should have the humility to make corrections where required.
Just bullet point that thing and attach it to relevant videos on youtube. Job done. End of story.
But until then, there will always be many among and outside the scientific community who will loose respect for him, because until he admits to his mistakes he will come across as an egotistic individual.
I still admire him tho.
I wish I was as charismatic as him when discussing my trade. And I also wish that I could look cool in nerdy Tyes as much as he does. Sadly I don't have that level of coolnes, to pull it off...
Jalabar, he does acknowledge some of his errors. But not all.
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He still hasn't acknowledged his rant against the American Medical Association was clueless. Steven Novella did a post on doctor bashing on Neurologicablog. There's a section titled "Those Darn Physicists" where Novella discusses Neil's Terminal Cancer routine.
Novella patiently explains that Neil mischaracterizes the way a prognosis is delivered:
"First, I have never told a patient they have X amount of time to live – and I diagnose patients with incurable terminal illnesses on a regular basis. We just don’t express the situation in that way. Rather we give statistical information – 50% of patients survive for about two years, but some survive longer, even up to 10 years, and there are rare cases of remission. I understand that patients will often walk away thinking – I have two years to live – but that is not what doctors actually say."
In the comments section Tyson replies to Novella. Tyson says maybe "idiot" was too harsh and "incompetent" was more appropriate. Then he has the temerity to lecture Novella on the way doctors typically deliver a prognosis. Again Novella patiently corrects this guy issuing pronouncements on a field outside his expertise. So far as I know Tyson has never admitted his error nor has he apologized to the medical profession.
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Tyson's accusations against Bush are serious. Seizing 9-11 as an opportunity to sow division between Muslims and Christians would be deplorable. But Bush's post 9-11 speech was exactly the opposite of Tyson's fiction. Bush praised the Islamic religion and called for tolerance and inclusion.
Tyson has admitted this error but doesn't seem to think it's a big deal. His apology to Bush was buried deep in a long letter where he spends most of his time boasting about his wardrobe and accomplishments and complaining his critics are mean.
The reaction to Sean Davis' exposé was troubling. Many proclaimed the accusations false because they came from a conservative blog. True skeptics would examine the evidence regardless they like the source. Tyson's fans demonstrated they can reject uncomfortable evidence that conflicts with their world view -- just like most human beings. It is not sufficient to pay lip service to Feynman. They need to walk the walk as well.
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To this day no one has produced the passage where Hamid al Ghazali says math is the work of the devil. See Neil's reply to me in the above comments. His defense? He presented these claims to a large body of Muslims and nobody challenged him.
Most of his audience were too polite to call him out when he's on stage. But many, many Islamic scholars have called him out in various blogs and forums. His “3000 Muslims agree with me” defense is silly.
In forums I am told Tyson has no need to present evidence because SCIENCE! I get straw man arguments. For example I am asked to defend the Quran. It is very sad and ironic. When the IFLS folks start practicing dispassionate skepticism, I’ll stop ridiculing them.
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Is promoting science Neil's #1 goal? Or is it promoting himself?
Do Tyson's fans and the IFLS science crowd truly embrace science? Or is SCIENCE! merely an empty rallying cry?
There's this hilarious incident with Neil claiming that Star Wars's BB-8 can't work in real life... and people pointing out that it's actually a real robot.
About the Flat Earth affair, while I frankly don't understand Dr. Tyson's reply, I suggest to include this painstakingly researched blog post since History Today requires a subscription.
Many thanks to B'Rat for linking to my blog post on the myth of the medieval belief in the flat earth and how historically illiterate scientists and others keep perpetuating this erroneous idea.
As for Tyson's attempt at a defence on that point above, in trying to pretend he didn't make a blunder he blundered further. The transition from symbolic medieval mappae mundi to actual cartographic maps did not represent any "transition of world view" and it definitely didn't indicate any final removal of "all doubt" about a flat earth. As I detail in my blog post, there was no "doubt" to be finally "removed". And the earlier maps were iconographic clusters of symbolism overlaid over a very general and schematic cartographic rendition. So to compare them to later actual cartographic charts is comparing apples to oranges and to conclude the difference between the two represents some change in "world view" or the removal of any "final doubts" is just pseudo historical garbage.
Tyson really should stick to science and leave history to historians.
Mostly, I find suspicious how Neil deGrasse Tyson skips over his later tweet, the unavoidable "it was lost to the Dark Ages"
I often like him. I often find him unlikeable and smug when he pontificates, often in error, about very important topics he has no credentials in (politics, history, medicine). All to take the specks out of our eyes. He looses credibility when he does that (For examples, reference above). NDT for physics teacher? Sure! NDT for politician, physician, or philosopher? Well I think he's shown himself to be a little ham-fisted and sloppy in these areas.
Outstanding work here. I've observed as much with regards to Tyson over stepping his area of expertise. His musings on politics, history and philosophy are particularly sophomoric - i.e. 'Rationalia which is basically a sloppy, wrongheaded spin on Plato's 'Republic' and a call for a society ruled by your betters; presumably with a spot for Tyson. I hold a Bachelors in History and have been an enthusiast since I was a lad. I usually find myself under whelmed, if not irritated by how flippant and irresponsible such people are with heavily complicated events like, for example, The Crusades. This event is a perfect punching bag for those who want to rail against Christianity (President Obama also made reference to it in an effort to have us 'keep in mind' about our 'misdeeds' in the West. This one I chalked up to irritating me to no end because Obama painted an inaccurate picture to push his own point). However, I do have a quibble and perhaps you can enlighten me. Specifically this assertion, "We all know a Republican would seize this emotionally charged moment to stir up hatred against Arabs." I was happy proper perspective was brought about Bush's speech, but I may have missed where the leadership 'stirred up hatred against Arabs' because from what I recall, they were generally measured in their words. In any event, the Democrats are up to the task of 'demonizing' as well; just in a different way. They love the class warfare rubbish of 'rigged systems' and 'the rich paying their fair share'. And lately, Russia with the dubious claims of hacking. Scapegoats have featured well in world history. Cheers, Alex
Alex,I was being sarcastic. Tyson evidently constructed his memory of Bush from inaccurate stereotypes that he subscribed to. The Bush from Tyson's confabulation was certainly a xenophobic demagogue. The real Bush was the opposite. Bush's actual 9-11 speech was a level headed call for tolerance and inclusion.
"And lately, Russia with the dubious claims of hacking."
Yes, "dubious claims" peddled by that well-known leftist organisation, the CIA. Welcome to the post-truth world ladies and gents ...
Just to improve the context of the Ghazali bit...
Prof.Tyson's misrepresentation there seems to result from his misconception that in Islam "earthly" is viewed as bad, therefore work of devil. I can't really speculate where that comes from (is it so in some branches of Christianity?), and he toned that down a notch anyway. I am neither an expert of theology, nor of Ghazali's work. But as a muslim I can say our religion asks us to balance the earthly and unearthly pursuits, and not forsake one while losing ourselves in the other. Of course interpretations of religion differ from person to person, and there was a period of history (I would say stretching from 13th to 19th century) through which mainstream muslims preached forsaking earthly sciences. So I think Prof.Tyson tried to use Ghazali as an (easy but apparently incorrect) example of that line of view, so I think that is a C in his error scale (explained by himself above) and his point stands.
This isn't quite fact checking but it's related in that he's waaaay out of his bailiwick and it shows. Although I had seen his face and knew his name, my first actual contact with the general sloppiness of deGrasse Tyson's thought was his rather bizarre list of “eight book that every intelligent person ought to read.” It's not just that it's a strange list – who puts Gulliver's Travels on a list of eight essential books? – but save Gulliver's Travels I doubt he's actually read any of them. “What an idiot!” I thought to myself as I looked over the list and his reasons why they are important. “Is he admitting that he's not very intelligent?” Or is the emphasis on the “should”? He'd like to read them but hasn't gotten around to it.
It would be too long and boring to go through all of the reasons why I'm suspicious for each of the books but I'll make a cursory stab at a couple.
First up, the Bible, "to learn that it's easier to be told by others what to think and believe than it is to think for yourself." Wow! Where to start? I know he's never read the Bible because it's IMPOSSIBLE to learn that lesson from reading the Bible. There's nothing “easy” about it. What an intelligent reader ought to come away with is a lot of questions, mostly of the “why” variety.
Although not personally religious I have a lifetime fascination with religion so I recognize his reasoning from past encounters with folks hostile to religion. Many people who have never actually read the Bible and only know whatever was read in whatever church they were bored at as children imagine the Bible to consist of stories with idealized characters behaving righteously, 'exempla virtutis' along the lines of Livy's history of the early days of the Roman Republic crossed with Aesop's fables. Nothing could be further from the truth. Either he never read the book or he has severe reading comprehension issues.
Adam Smith's “Wealth of Nations,” “to learn that capitalism is an economy of greed, a force of nature unto itself." In truth Smith engages in a great deal of hand-wringing about the potential for his ideas to encourage greed and comes to the firm conclusion that the human sentiments would be all the corrective that was needed to keep greed in check. He was wrong, of course, but you'd never learn that from reading Smith. DeGrasse Tyson wouldn't know that because he never read it.
My favorite, Sun Tzu's “The Art of War,” “to learn that the act of killing fellow humans can be raised to an art." He only read the title. Had he read the book he would have known that much of it is about avoiding wasteful carnage, winning through guile and subtle strategy. It is brimming with psychological insights about conflict which is why it is a perennial business oriented best seller. He never read that one either.
And then there's the one he probably did read in high school, “Gulliver's Travels,” "to learn, among other satirical lessons, that most of the time humans are Yahoos." Especially lazy blowhards like deGrasse Tyson.
This quotation from Al Ghazali's autobiographical "Deliverance from Error" would seem to settle the matter. NdGT is just wrong. "“Great indeed is the crime against religion committed by anyone who supposes that Islam is to be championed by the denial of these mathematical sciences. For the revealed Law nowhere undertakes to deny or affirm these sciences, and the latter nowhere address themselves to religious matters.”
Great work holding Neil DeGrasse Tyson accountable and pointing out how the I F—-ing Love Science crowd is hostile to skepticism in general. It reminds me of that essay in Wired — also highly critical of Tyson — that pointed out how the natural world itself, not the acquisition of knowledge about the natural world, is considered “science” by IFLS types. As that essayist noted, it's like calling the ocean “drinking” or calling the police “crime.”
That’s Tyson’s most enthusiastic supporter in a nutshell. They are not interested in science. How can they be when they can’t define it? What they *are* interested in is creating the appearance that they are “into science,” using it as part of their identity and as a way to signal their intellectual superiority. Thus, a photograph of a wild animal or an enhanced image of a nebula is “science,” it says so right there on the IFLS Facebook post I shared with my friends! Likewise anything can be refuted because science. You don’t have to understand the parameters of the discussion or even familiarize yourself with the topic, because science.
I don’t see how promoting that accomplishes the goals of science education or inspires kids to get into STEM fields. Mostly it just gives certain people a way to virtue signal and publicly assert how much smarter they think they are than those nebulous, spectral idiots Tyson mocks in his speeches and tweets.
We need more physics education at the boxing website. Space & Science thread.
Anonymous wrote "We need more physic education at the boxing website..."
Give yourself a tag, please. When there's a bunch of posts from "anonymous" it can be ambiguous which one I'm replying to.
I was pleasantly surprised to see such a great interest in space exploration at a boxing forum. And had resolved that I would participate in those discussions more often. But I've been very busy (thank God).
Can you remind me what the URL is?
An Arab here, living a few hours from Dubai, who has read Al-Ghazali's work. I would like to start by apologizing for the bad English as it is not my first language. I also provided the names of books in Arabic for reference as I didn't know what their English counterparts were called, I tried to translate his quotes as accurately as possible, but it is not an easy task.
I will give you the benefit of the doubt and say you were misinformed or just read a very bad translation.
Al-Ghazali was an admirer of science and math and in his book "مقاصد الفلاسفة" he condemned philosophers who use their logic to discuss the divine and calls their methods "Unlike math, they are inaccurate and based on predictions". His argument was that the divine is a spiritual matter and should stay away from math and logic. He also adds in the same book: "If those philosophers who use their logic and math as a proof against the divine then why are they not 100% on the same page? Math is based on accuracy and is methodical, while their reasoning is based on prediction and in most cases they contradict each other". Math cannot be contradicting, 1 + 1 = 2 is always true.
His main argument was that attributing math to philosophy is contradicting, as math cannot deal with the spiritual and metaphysics aspects of life. "If you understand the steps of math then you cannot refute it". Therefore, it should not be used to explain the divine, instead deal with world-ly things, like eclipses.
In his book "المنقذ من الضلال", he says: "The math that these philosophers use has nothing to do with proving the divine's existence or not, truly math is a tool to prove earthly things and once you understand the methods you cannot refute them but they are not to be used to prove the existence of the divine".
One of Al-Ghazali's most famous quotes "There is no bigger crime than to think that Islam is being supported and made better by refuting science, there is no doctrine against learning these sciences, and these science are not in conflict with the the doctrines".
To sum up what Al-Ghazali was saying, logic cannot be used to prove the existence of the divine and this logic that the arrogant philosophers use - who think they cracked the secret of existence- is, unlike math, inaccurate and mostly based on predictions and speculations. Al-Ghazali's main concern was to refute that knowledge in philosophy means you are a logical, smart person.
Do you notice the praise he gives to math?
In other words, he was pissed off by these arrogant know-it-all philosophers and wanted to put them in their place. Now Al-Ghazali had a lot of wrong opinions, but he didn't say math is the work of the devil and he definitely wasn't the reason the Arab fell. If you read Arabic history carefully it basically boils down to political issues and tribal wars at the end of the 1500's that led to the downfall, Egypt was seeing revolutions, the gulf region was split into more than three regions. Instead of being the hub of trade that it used to be, it became the hub of conflict.
Also, 3000 people heard you talk and they applauded you. Do you know who your audience was? In Dubai, Arabs are a minority with 79% foreigners. That leaves 21% Arabs, how much of that 21% you think is interested in a lecture by you? Here in the gulf most of us have only heard of you, wait for it, after your lecture in Dubai because of the backlash it caused, of how misinformed you were, newspapers and blogs wrote about it, and it made faith in astrophysicists sink even lower because of how you attributed the fall of the Arabs to one of the most scientific and respected Arabs! So I assume 10% of the attendants were Arab. How many of those do you think have read Al-Ghazali tomes, which are not really taught in school and are only taught in university if you actually pursue those studies.
So saying 3000 people in Dubai applauded you is not to be used as an evidence to how right your statements are.
Bader, your English is better than many native English speakers I know.
The only ambiguity is who you are replying to. By context it seems like you're replying to Neil deGrasse Tyson's comments.
I am happy to receive input from an Arab who has read Ghazali's works. We seem to be in agreement that Tyson is delivering misinformation with regards to Ghazali and the history of the mideast.
David, thank you so much for your kind words, they mean a lot to me.
I was replying to the comment made by Neil on March 14, 2016 but it seems that in haste i have forgotten to mention that.
""The Chart" What Tim O'Neill calls
The Most Wrong Thing On The Internet Ever."
And this guy knows nothing: http://theskepticzone.blogspot.com/2016/05/the-lie-that-never-dies-christian.html
Ryu238, here is Tim O'Neil's rebuttal to that anonymous blogger.
Interesting. In some ways quite good, as in the history of calculus, in other ways quite weak as in the history of science and thought in Islam. Admittedly, skeptics are generally ignorant religious fanatics who mindlessly accept any statement which supports their biases. Tyson may be guilty of that. China and Islam stopped having freedom of thought after the Mongol Conquests. Mongol conquerors converted to the religion of the conquered people, Islam in Islam and Confucianism in China and then initiated a strict religious orthodoxy which suffocated progress. There were still some innovative thinkers in Islam, but they had to be very careful not to offend the Orthodox world view, thus stifling progress. I do suspect that any person, like you or Tyson, when commenting on a range of subjects is likely to get some of it wrong.
What's wrong with describing an inverse square as exponential, specifically having an exponent of -2?
Anonymous writes "What's wrong with describing an inverse square as exponential, specifically having an exponent of -2?"
The exponent is the variable in an exponential function. For example f(x)=2^x is an exponential function.
f(x)=x^-2 is not an exponential function.
Today I saw Neil's face and decide to just google why did he become such a prick. I stumbled onto this blog and I could not believe he actually responded. I wonder if this is still active but I would be curious on thoughts on his takes on covid etc. He did an interesting interview recently where he was just unbearable and defensive all the time. Covid seems like it has become a silent treatment subject for mainstream scientists now that a lot of the policies and treatments are coming under scrutiny. For me it was interesting that science and critical thinking went out of the window and the new way of thinking is the "consensus" as DeGrasse says. Anyway, let me know what your thoughts are - here's a link to the discussion I saw:
https://youtu.be/CquiSjgJNc8
Inadequate, I don't know that much about Covid.
One of the concerns I've heard is that a vaccinated person could be asymptomatic and yet still carry the virus.
I know that when I was vaccinated I initially thought I was immune and would not endanger other people. So I went out in public, started going to bars, restaurants, church gatherings etc. again. So I wonder if people emboldened by being vaccinated actually started spreading the virus more.
I know that minority opinions sometimes turn out to be correct. And that sometimes people are silenced if their minority opinion isn't fashionable.
Do Bill Maher, Joe Rogan, and Patrick Bet-David have legitimate complaints against Tyson's stance on Covid? I don't know. I have not had time to study the topic in depth. At this point I'm still agnostic.
Thank you. Peer review was definitely required for a lot of NDT's comments.
I've mainly seen him interviewed by Colbert and I liked him at first. Before long, though, I started to detect the smell of BS. Especially regarding his comments about Newton. HIs meatatarians vs vegatarians diatribe really was the final straw (man) for me.
BTW, I think there's a typo in your sentence: "Payload mass grows exponentially with increasing delta v, not payload mass." I don't think you meant to say payload mass at both ends of that sentence... but I'm not sure what you were trying to say and I might just be confused.
Hey, thanks Dave! I did indeed make a misteak! I make a bunch of them. But it's corrected now.
You left out where he said the word "toll" comes from the word "troll" because trolls used to collect tolls before they let you cross a bridge.
Anonymous, Tyson has called me a troll. And I do ask him to pay a toll.
He should be held accountable for the misinformation he has given the world.
I have a feeling there's quite a lot of truth in this article but stopped reading it after the first section because you made multiple disingenuous statements about the video that was attached. I have no great adoration for Tyson but if you're going to spend an inordinate amount of obsessive time trying to discredit someone it is incumbent upon you to stick to the facts in your own arguments. If you can't get through your first section without rhetorical tricks and nonsense there is no way I'm going to trust anything you have to say about anything else.
Anonymous commenter, there is nothing disingenuous in the first section about idiot doctors. Neil Tyson did complain about idiot doctors, pre-med students and the American Medical Association in general. And his complaint was based on his ignorance of how a prognosis is delivered.
I linked to the vid so readers could verify this for themselves. I suggest you watch the video again.
You might want to think about updating your article to include Neil deGrasse Tyson doesn't understand how airplanes fly in his "How Airplanes Fly" Startalk video. https://youtu.be/VhReoAJZzpE?si=5VHX31MQWD-fF5ES&t=233 He starts at about the 3 minute & 50 second mark to give the wrong than wrong explanation. The gist of it is Neil believes lift is caused by the incorrect Equal Transit Time hypothesis.
At this point, NDT is nothing more than a charlatan
Good one, thank you Tim. There are several items I need to add the list when I have time. This is one of them. I will link to Fly With Magnar's rebuttal.
Voy a dejar mi comentario en español, el hecho de que usaras como referencia para sustentar tu afirmación de que la gráfica de los años oscuros es inválida a un sitio claramente apologista (evidentemente disfrazado de ateo), deja muchísimo que desear. Por favor más rigor en tus fuentes.
Astrónomo, gracias por su interés en mi página.
Los ensayos de Tim O'Neill tienen muchas citas que respaldan sus afirmaciones. ¿Hay alguna afirmación suya específica que usted cuestione?
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